I was born and reared on a farm near Malta, Ohio. My primary education was received in a rural school in that vicinity. I completed in three years the regular four-year high school curriculum and graduated from the preparatory school, Muskingum Academy, New Concord, Ohio.

I graduated from Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, in 1925, with a degree of Bachelor of Chemical Engineering. I also had training at Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, for one year, and at the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio, for one year. In these colleges, my major work consisted of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Economics and Chemistry.

Being obliged to finance some of my academic and most of my college training, my years in college were not consecutive. Between technical training periods and while attending college, I was employed at various lines of work, such as salesman for drug store merchandise and aluminum ware. In the oil fields of Kentucky and Ohio, I was employed as Roustabout, Tool Dresser, and Supervisor of erection of oil field machinery. I was employed for eight months by the Santa Fe Railroad as General Machinist on passenger engines in their shops at Argentine, Kansas. During my senior year at Ohio State University, I worked an eight-hour shift as Machinist and Machinist Foreman for the Pennsylvania Railroad At Columbus, Ohio.

During my senior year at Ohio State University, I applied to The Pure 0il Company for employment after graduation with the stipulation, for the sake of experience, that I begin in the "ditch" on oil refinery construction.

From June, 1925, to March 1, 1926, with The Pure 0il Company at their Marcus Hook Refinery during the modernization of that plant, I started in the "rigging" gang and later worked as draftsman and transit man, and finished there as General Foreman of welding and structural steel assembling.

From March 1 to June 15, 1926, with The Pure 0il Company at their Heath Refinery, Newark, Ohio, I was in charge of the assembling and erection of fractionating towers.

From June 15 to August 1, 1926, with The Pure 0il Company in their Research Laboratory, I was engaged in "anti-knock" motor fuels investigations.

From August 1, 1926, to January 1, 1927, I was Superintendent of Operation at The Pure 0il Company Cornplanter Refinery, Warren, Pennsylvania, and had charge of the dismantling of that plant.

From January 1, 1927, to March 15, 1928, with The Pure 0il Company, I was estimating, designing and "trouble shooting" in the company's various refineries.

From March 15 to July 15, 1928, I was stationed at Montreal, Canada, for The Pure 0il Company, representing The

Gyro Process Company to the McColl-Frontenac 0il Refineries, Ltd., as consulting engineer on the construction and operation of a "Gyro" Vapor Phase Cracking unit.

From July 15, 1928, to November 1, 1929, I was Superintendent for The Pure 0il Company, stationed at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, in charge of purchasing, construction, and preliminary operation in connection with a Paint, Soap and Grease Plant, Percolation Filter Unit, Sharples Centrifuge Dewaxing Unit, Gyro Vapor Phase Cracking Unit, and remodeling of Power Plant, Lube 0il Compounding Plant and Refrigeration Unit. The construction work was on the basis of two and three eight-hour shifts. The maximum payroll was about twelve hundred employees.

On November 15, 1929, I was loaned for a two-year period to the Max B. Miller Company as consultant on the Gyro Vapor Phase Cracking process, the licensing of which The Pure 0il Company had granted to Max B. Miller and Company. At the end of my "loan" period, I accepted an attractive offer by the Miller Company to remain as a permanent employee.

From November 15 to December 15, 1929, with Max B. Miller and Company, I supervised the preparation of flow sheets for a contact filtration and a Sharples Dewaxing Unit for Lube 0il.

From January 1, 1930, to November 15, 1930, I was stationed in Russia with headquarters in Baku, representing Max B. Miller to the Soviet Government, as General Consulting Engineer and specifically in connection with contact filtration and De-waxing Units furnished by Max B. Miller and Company. My duties on this assignment, in addition to the responsibilities of Construction Superintendent, involved traveling over a large portion of European Russia in connection with design, fabrication and inspection work for the Soviet's first "five-year program." The Soviet Government provided me with a "high" 0gpu Pass which represented absolute authority to enter the many restricted zones forbidden all Russians except high officials. I had many experiences and I consider myself an authority on Soviet mentality, methods and policies. The nature of my duties made necessary my close contact with the cross-section of the Russian people, from high official dictators and commissariats to the laboring masses.

From December 1, 1930, to February 1, 1931, I assisted in the design of a plant for the recovery of oil from the spent clay from contact filtration units.

From February l, to April l, 193l, I conducted a field survey covering the mining and processing of clays (in the vicinity of Gonzales, Texas) for contact filtration of Lube 0ils.

From April 15 to October 1, 1931, I was Chief Night Operator on a Lube 0il Contact Filtration Unit and a plant for the recovery of oil from Spent Contact Filtration Clays, stalled for the Vacuum Oil Company by Max B. Miller and Company.

From October 15 to December 15, 1931, I assisted in the preparation of flow diagrams for Wax Distillate Pressing, Sharples Dewaxing, Refrigeration and Contact Filtration Units to be erected and placed in operation by Max B. Miller and Company for the Socony-Vacuum 0il Company at Pt. Jerome, France.

From January l, 1932, to April l, 1934, I was assigned to Europe with headquarters in Paris, France. During this period, I represented the Max B. Miller and Company to Compagnie Technique Des Petroles and Socony-Vacuum 0il Company. I was made fully responsible for the interests of Max B. Miller and Company and our American client. The authority delegated to me was commensurate to the responsibility with which I was charged. At this time, the French Government had decreed that 'all materials and equipment comprising these units must be fabricated in France. This decree imposed a real hardship on the Miller Company, as the fabrication of 0il Refining equipment was new and almost unknown to the French industry.

I, personally, wrote all material and equipment specification and supervised their translation to the French version. I selected the French suppliers, approved bidder's quotations and purchase orders to the suppliers. i supervised the preparation of a complete set of drawings for each plant, using flow sheets as the nucleus for design. I, personally, inspected and shop tested all major equipment and controlled a large portion of equipment design. I, personally, supervised construction and operation of the units.

The success of this assignment and the results of a large measure of attention given to detail is measured by the fact that the initial start-up of the plants was not suspended until storage tanks were filled with specification Lube 0il.

During this assignment, I evaluated various Lube 0il Project inquiries. These investigations occasioned visits to Poland, Roumania, Germany, England, and Sweden.

From May l, 1934, to January l, 1935, I was in charge of research and pilot plant work in connection with the de-waxing of Lube 0ils using carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride as a solvent. Also, I investigated the "extent to which petrolatum reacts to the process of 'Sweating'".

From January 1, 1935, to May 15, 1935, I assisted in the preparation of flow diagrams and the computations of heat balances for Duo Solvent treating and Bari Sol dewaxing units for Lube 0ils.

From June 15, 1935, to June l, 1936, I was stationed in Germany in connection with the installation of a Duo Sol solvent extraction unit for Lube 0il which the Miller Company erected and placed in operation for the Deutsch-Vacuum 0il Company at Bremen, Germany. My duties and responsibilities on this assignment were a duplication of my work in France. My inspection and test work occasioned my entrance into the major industries of Germany.

From June 15 to November 15, 1936, I was stationed in Naples, Italy, supervising purchasing of materials for a Duo Sol solvent extraction, an Acid Treating Unit for Lube 0ils and a "Doctor Treating" Unit for motor fuel, which the Miller Company directed for the Socony-Vacuum 0il Company. I also set up the construction organization which completed the erection of the Units.

From December l, 1936, to August 15, 1937, I was stationed in New York City as Engineer in charge of expediting, inspecting and testing of materials and equipment comprising a Duo Sol solvent extraction unit and a Bari Sol solvent dewaxing Unit furnished by Max B. Miller and Company to the Russian Government.

From September 1, 1937, to March l, 1938, I was stationed in San Francisco representing Max B. Miller and Company to Standard 0il of California. I had the technical responsibility for the purchase, inspection and testing of materials and equipment comprising a Duo Sol solvent extraction Unit erected at Richmond, California.

From March 1, 1938, to October 1, 1938, I was stationed at Richmond, California, as Construction Consultant Superintendent on the building of the Duo Sol Unit erected jointly by Max B. Miller and Company and Bechtel and McCone. I assisted in the initial operation of the plant

From November 15, 1938, to July 11, 1940, I was stationed in Rome and Leghorn, Italy, representing Max B. Miller and Company to the Italian Government and Compagnia Tecnica Industrie Petroli. On this assignment, I, as in France and Germany, was Miller's delegate with full responsibility to act for the interests of the Miller Company in all matters relating to a contract covering the engineering, construction and operation of a Duo Sol solvent extraction Unit, Contact Filtration Unit, Refrigeration Unit and a Barisol Solvent Dewaxing Unit for Lube 0ils. My duties in connection with this work were quite diversified. The work involved supervising the preparation of drawings for each plant using flow sheets as a nucleus of design, writing all specifications for purchasing and fabrication of materials and equipment and checking the Italian translations, the technical approval of purchase orders, and supervising inspection and tests. I, personally, made final inspection and witness tested major equipment, which occasioned visits to several European countries, such as France, Germany and Sweden. I supervised the building up of an Italian construction organization for the purpose of erecting the plants at Leghorn where I supervised construction work until the units were approximately sixty per cent erected. Italy's entry into the war interrupted this assignment. I left Italy June 28, 1940.

From August l, 1940, to January l, 1941, I personally expedited, inspected and tested materials and equipment comprising a Percolation Filtering Unit for lubricating oils, a Thermofor Unit for revivifying percolation clays and a Duo Sol solvent extraction Unit. These units were designed and furnished by the Miller Company to The Attock 0il Company, Rawalpindi, India.

From January 17, 1941, to November l, 1941, I was stationed in Rawalpindi, India, as Construction Superintendent and assisted in the initial operation of the Percolation Filter, Thermofor and Duo Sol Units.

From March l, 1942, to March 1, 1943, I was stationed at San Francisco and Richmond, California, representing Max B. Miller and Company to Standard Oil of California, in connection with the purchasing of materials for a Refrigeration and Lube Oil Dewaxing Unit. My various duties on this assignment included the technical approval of purchase orders, expediting, inspecting and testing of equipment, construction consultant and assisting in the operation of the Dewaxing Unit.

From April 1, 1943, to September, 1944, I was stationed in the Miller Company office, New York City. During this period, I was Engineer in charge of the design and purchase of a Refrigeration and Lube Oil Dewaxing Unit for the Champlin Refining Company erected at Enid, Oklahoma. I, personally, prepared specifications for material end equipment, computed the design and supervised the preparation of all drawings.

From November 1, 1944, to July 1, 1945, I assisted in research and pilot plant work on cracking of heavy residuals and gilsonite for the Miller Company at Petty's Island and New Rochelle, New York.

From July l, 1945, to August 1, 1946, I was Purchasing Agent for the Miller Company, during which time I purchased and expedited a Continuous Coker cracking unit and a Thermofor Clay Burning Unit.

From August 15, 1946, to January 1, 1947, I was stationed at Ponce. City, Oklahoma, representing Max B. Miller and Company to the Continental 0il Company. During this period I was Construction and Operating Superintendent for a Thermofor Percolation Clay Revivifying Unit.